Piracy during the reign of Yusuf Pasha Karamanli 1795-1835

Abstract

This research aims to explore the maritime piracy movement during the Karamanli dynasty, particularly at the height of its power under Yusuf Pasha Karamanli, and to examine the international stance on this movement. The research uses a descriptive and analytical approach. It was divided into four sections. The first dealt with defining the maritime piracy movement, the second explained the nature of this movement during the time of Yusuf al-Qaramanli, the third pointed to the effects of the maritime piracy movement, and the fourth was devoted to highlighting the international position regarding the maritime jihad movement. The research yielded a set of results, the most prominent of which is that the correct description of the acts of invasion and irregular naval warfare carried out by North African sailors, which many call piracy, is in fact a form of religious war on the one hand and a defense of the homeland on the other. This maritime conflict between the countries of the southern and northern coasts of the Mediterranean left significant repercussions on the lives of North African countries and their adversaries. Given the ongoing invasions, the affected countries decided to meet in an international conference to discuss security in the Mediterranean and formed an international fleet to put an end to the invasion.