The adopted solutions, Iraqi lands, the Iraqi Monarchy Era (1921- 1958)

Abstract

This research aims to address the most significant solutions adopted by the Iraqi government to tackle the land problem during the monarchical era. It also seeks to identify the most important laws issued by the Iraqi government during this period. The land issue was deeply rooted since the Ottoman era, and the British occupation showed little concern for it, failing to implement appropriate solutions. The problem persisted throughout the monarchical period. The research revolves around answering several key questions: What were the most important laws issued by the Ottoman Empire to solve the Iraqi land problem? Did the British government succeed in resolving the issue through the Tribal Claims Law issued in 1918? Were the successive Iraqi ministries during the monarchical period (1921–1958) able to provide effective solutions to the problem? These questions will be answered throughout the research.

The study adopts the historical method in its various forms to reconstruct historical events. The research is divided into an introduction and three main sections. The first section is titled "The Situation of Iraqi Lands during the Ottoman Era and the British Occupation." The second section, "Legislation to Solve the Iraqi Land Problem (1921–1938)," focuses on laws enacted during that period. The third section, "Legislation to Solve the Iraqi Land Problem (1939–1958)," covers the laws introduced in the latter part of the monarchical era.

The research concludes with several findings, the most notable of which is that the Iraqi land problem has been deeply rooted since the Ottoman Empire, which established the feudal system. This system had negative effects on the conditions of peasants and strengthened the influence of feudal lords. Moreover, Britain showed little interest in finding realistic solutions during its occupation of Iraq. Despite the laws enacted by successive Iraqi ministries during the monarchical period (1921–1958), they failed to effectively resolve the problem.